RAGA YAMAN(यमन)
THAAT - KALYAN(कल्याण)
'Madhyam is tivra , rest the swara are shudha'
AROHA- 'NI RE GA, ma(tivra) PA, DHA NI SA' / 'NI RE GA ma DHA NI SA'
AVAROHA- SA' NI DHA PA, ma GA RE SA
PAKAD- 'NI RE GA RE SA, PA ma GA RE SA
VISHRANTI
STHAN- SA,GA,NI- SA',NI,PA,GA
VADI- Gandhar(GA)
SAMVADI- Nishad(NI)
JATI- SAMPOORNA(some says SHADAV-SAMPOORNA)
TIME- EVENING(1st prahar of night)
SIMILAR
RAGA- 65th carnatic melakarta raga 'KALYANI', YAMAN KALYAN
MOODS- Serenity , joy , peace and calmness etc.
A raga full of magnetic charm is none other than RAGA YAMAN/KALYAN.The original name of this raga is KALYAN , which is denominated variously asYaman,Iman, Eman and Aiman.according to acharya vrihaspati the word Aiman is an Arabic word which means 'blessed'.people used to begin their programs with this raga usually in the evening in old days. it was named RAGA YAMAN by AMIR KHUSROW during the period of ALLAUDDIN KHILJI.this raga has been used in various forms of music like thumri, dadra, khyal, bhajans, dhrupad ,dhamar etc.having such variety of moods, this raga is popularly used in various compositions. students are taught this raga at the very begining of their lessons as this raga can be adapted very easily. it is amongst the fundamental ragas of indian classical music.this is one of the popular ragas of indian classical music.
PRACTICAL ASPECT OF RAGA YAMAN
Raga yaman has all shudha swaras except madhyam, which is tivra( i.e. ma). it is of sampoorna jati which means that 7 notes are used in both the aroha and avaroha but some musicians skip the pancham in aroha like- SA RE GA ma DHA NI SA' and say it a shadav-sampoorna raga.this raga is expanded mostly in mandra and madhya saptak. It is an ancient raga named KALYAN.later it became raga yaman when the mughal's arrived in india. Famous Musician and poet AMIR KHUSRO named it Yaman during the period of Allauddin khilji in khilji dynasty.it is said to be esscential for the students to practice in the evening as it has same importance as raga bhairav has in the morning .lets know the prayoga of all notes in raga yaman.
COMBINATIONS- SA, 'NI RE GA, GA RE SA 'NI 'DHA 'NI RE GA, RE GA ma PA, PA ma RE GA,RE GA ma PA (maGA)RE SA, GA ma DHA NI DHA PA, ma DHA NI SA' NI DHA NI DHA PA,PA ma GA RE GA,'NI RE GA ma PA-RE SA.
a tonal strip which furnishes a bridge to poorvanga and uttarang part of this raga is given below:
ma DHA NI DHA PA
NISHAD- Nishad is samvadi note , which means the second important note of the raga.alaps and taans usually starts from mandra nishad('NI).the phrases including nishad(NI) sound beautiful.here are some characteristic phrases given below :
1- 'NI RE GA RE SA
2- 'NI RE GA RE SA,GA ma PA ma GA RE SA
3- 'NI RE GA RE GA ma PA
SHADAJ- Shadaj(SA) is prominent note amongst all ragas.there is a nyas on shadaj in both the aroha and avaroha .on the other hand , there is a skipping of Shadaj(SA), rendering from Nishad('NI) to Rishabh(RE).
as-
1- 'NI RE GA , 'NI RE ma GA
2- 'PA 'NI RE ,GA RE 'NI RE SA
3- GA ma PA-RE GA , 'DHA 'NI RE GA RE ,'NI RE SA
RISHABH- rishabh (RE) is shudha here in this raga.it is an important note.there is a nyas(stay) bahutwa on rishabh(RE).As
1-'Ni RE GA RE
2-GA ma PA ma GA RE GA RE
a phrase containing meend from pancham(PA) to rishabh(RE) sounds beautiful. as -
'NI RE GA ma PA ,GA ma PA-RE SA.
GANDHAR- it is the vadi note in raga yaman.
Therefore, it is a nyas bahutwa swara in this raga.As-
1-'NI RE GA, ma GA RE GA
2- 'DHA 'NI RE GA,ma GA
3- ma PA ma GA RE GA
4- 'DHA 'NI RE GA RE GA
MADHYAM- madhyam is tivra and also an important note of raga yaman.it is used in both the aroha and avaroha.it is also used as kan(grace note) on gandhar(GA).As-
GA ma PA (ma)GA RE,SA
Other uses of madhyam are:
GA ma PA, PA ma GA, ma DHA PA
PANCHAM- there is a complete nyas bahutwa on pancham(PA) in aroha and avaroha both.
some nyas phrases on pancham:
1- ma DHA NI DHA PA
2- SA' NI DHA PA
3- PA PA SA'
4- PA (ma)GA PA PA ,NI DHA SA' NI DHA PA
5- GA' RE' NI DHA PA
6- PA RE GA RE ,'NI RE GA ma PA
Sometimes there is also a langhan of pancham(PA):
ma DHA PA,ma DHA NI DHA PA,ma DHA NI SA'
DHAIVAT- dhaivat is less important note in this raga. Uses of dhaivat is given below:
ma DHA NI DHA PA
ma DHA NI SA' NI DHA PA
Sometimes there is langhan of dhaivat,
PA PA SA'
UTTARANG NISHAD- some examples shows the nyas bahutwa of nishad in uttarang.As-
1-ma DHA NI, DHA NI SA' NI
2-NI DHA PA ma GA RE GA , ma DHA NI
MOODS OF RAGA YAMAN-
This raga is usually performed during the early evening.it conveys a joyful,serene, calm and peaceful mood.it creates feeling of purity that one can connect to God while performing or listening the raga.apart from the divine feeling raga yaman can also be romantic too.there are plenty of romantic compositions in this raga.
SOME BANDISH AND SONGS BASED ON RAGA YAMAN-
This raga has variety of compositions not only in classical music but in semiclassical,
Gazals,bollywoos songs etc.here are some compositions based on it :
SOME ALANKARS FOR RAGA YAMAN PRACTICE-
Learners are advised to practice the alankars on a daily basis with a tanpura/music box/tanpura apps and metronome or taal mala to get good results. here i provide 3 alankars which can help students constructing the raga-
Alankar 1-
Aroha- 'NI RE,RE GA,GA ma,ma PA,PA DHA,DHA NI,NI SA'
Avaroha- SA' NI,NI DHA,DHA PA,PA ma,ma GA,GA RE,RE SA
Alankar 2-
Aroha- 'NI RE GA,RE GA ma,GA ma PA,ma PA DHA,PA DHA NI,DHA NI SA'
Avaroha- SA' NI DHA,NI DHA PA,DHA PA ma,PA ma GA,ma GA RE,GA RE SA
Alankar 3-
Aroha- 'NI RE GA RE 'NI RE GA, RE GA ma GA RE GA ma, GA ma PA ma GA ma PA,ma DHA NI DHA ma DHA NI ,DHA NI SA' NI DHA NI SA'
Avaroha- SA' NI DHA NI SA' NI DHA,NI DHA ma DHA NI DHA PA,DHA PA ma PA DHA PA ma,PA me GA ma PA ma GA,ma GA RE GA ma GA RE,GA RE 'NI RE GA RE SA
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